Cystic acne, a severe form of acne, is characterized by deep cysts, inflammation, potential skin damage, and scarring. Effective treatment, often under the guidance of a dermatologist, is essential. While severe cases may require extended treatment and face potential setbacks, successful outcomes are achievable.
Several effective treatments are available for cystic acne, including drainage and surgical excision, intralesional corticosteroid injections, isotretinoin, oral antibiotics, and oral contraceptives. Some individuals also explore natural treatment options.
Drainage and extraction, sometimes called acne surgery, should only be performed by a trained dermatologist in a sterile environment. Attempting to squeeze or pick at cysts can lead to infection, worsen acne, and cause scarring. For severely inflamed cysts, dermatologists may inject a diluted corticosteroid to reduce inflammation and promote healing, effectively melting the cyst over several days.
Isotretinoin, a synthetic form of vitamin A, is a highly effective treatment for severe and treatment-resistant acne. Administered orally, typically once or twice daily for 16 to 20 weeks, it requires close monitoring due to potential side effects. These can include chest or abdominal pain, swallowing difficulties, severe headaches, vision changes, bone and joint pain, nausea, diarrhea, depression, skin dryness, and hair thinning. Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are crucial.
Oral antibiotics have long been a standard treatment for severe acne, working to reduce *P. acnes* bacteria and inflammation. Treatment usually starts with a higher dosage, gradually decreasing as the acne improves. However, antibiotic resistance can develop, necessitating alternative antibiotics or treatment approaches.
Oral contraceptives can be effective for women by suppressing overactive sebaceous glands. They can be used for long-term acne management but require careful consideration for women who smoke, have blood clotting disorders, are over 35, or have a history of migraine headaches. Consultation with a gynecologist is essential. Spironolactone, a synthetic steroid, may be used in conjunction with oral contraceptives to further reduce oil production. Potential side effects include irregular menstruation, breast tenderness, headaches, and fatigue.
Some individuals explore natural approaches to manage cystic acne, such as adopting a whole-foods diet, practicing yoga or relaxation techniques to reduce stress, and incorporating essential oils. Regardless of the chosen treatment method, consulting with a dermatologist or qualified healthcare professional is crucial.