Shipping containers have revolutionized global logistics, fueling significant growth in international trade. These standardized, large metal boxes are used to efficiently transport goods across vast distances. Unlike small packaging, standard shipping containers typically measure 8 feet wide by 8.5 or 9.5 feet high in cross-section, and are available in lengths of 20, 40, or 45 feet. Their robust construction and standardized dimensions make them ideal for intermodal transportation.
At the origin factory, merchandise is carefully packed into the shipping containers. These containers are then loaded onto specialized container trucks for transport to the nearest rail yard or seaport. Here, specialized equipment transfers the containers onto railcars or ocean-going vessels. Container ships are specifically designed to maximize container storage, efficiently accommodating a large number of units on deck. (Note: occasionally, containers can be lost overboard during severe storms at sea.)
Merchandise Shipped in Containers
Inside the containers, individual merchandise packages such as cartons of shoe boxes are arranged to maximize space utilization. Once packed, the container door is securely sealed, and the container typically remains unopened until it reaches its final destination. During its journey, the container may be transferred between trucks, railcars, ships, and even aircraft. Upon arrival at the destination seaport or airport, it is again transferred to railcars or trucks for final delivery to the destination city.
So, what goods are shipped in containers? The answer is nearly everything. The majority of consumer goods are transported in containers, moving from manufacturing facilities to distributor warehouses. Even heavy machinery can be shipped in containers directly to the customer’s location. Specialized container designs cater to various types of merchandise. Here’s a glimpse into the variety of goods transported in containers:
- DRY VAN containers: Ideal for cartons, jute bags, bales, pallets, and drums.
- REEFER containers: Temperature-controlled, maintaining temperatures from -25°C to +25°C for perishable goods.
- OPEN TOP containers: Designed for bulk materials and oversized heavy machinery.
- OPEN SIDE containers: Facilitate the loading of large pallets.
- VENTILATED containers: Allow airflow for organic produce requiring ventilation during transit.
- TANK containers: Used for transporting bulk liquids.
- ROLLING FLOOR containers: Simplify the loading and unloading of difficult-to-handle cargo.
- HANGAR BEAM FITTED containers: Equipped for transporting garments on hangers, eliminating the need for additional packing.
Shipping Container Legalities
Shipping containers must possess Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) certification, authorized by the International Maritime Organization, to ensure their safe handling and transport within the intermodal transport system. Regular inspections are mandatory to maintain this certification.
Furthermore, goods intended for export require customs inspection and certification prior to shipment.