The story of perfume begins with the Latin phrase “per fumum,” meaning “through smoke.” Ancient Egyptians pioneered the art, burning fragrant woods and plants to create pleasing aromas. Over centuries, major civilizations refined and enhanced perfume, transforming it into the global industry we know today.
Modern perfumes consist of three key components:
* **The Scent:** Aromatic compounds, sourced from natural (flowers, citrus, spices, woods) or synthetic materials, define the fragrance.
* **The Fixative:** Stabilizes the scent, prolonging its longevity on the skin.
* **The Solvent:** Typically alcohol, it prevents bacterial growth and ensures even application.
Fragrance categories are determined by the concentration of aromatic compounds, directly impacting the price. Higher concentrations command higher prices:
* **Lotions/Aftershaves:** 1-2% scent concentration
* **Eau de Cologne:** 2-3% scent concentration
* **Eau de Toilette:** 5-20% scent concentration
* **Eau de Parfum:** 10-30% scent concentration
* **Perfume Extract (Parfum):** 20-40% scent concentration
Fragrance descriptions often borrow musical terminology, using “notes” to describe the scent’s evolution over time.
* **Top Notes:** The initial, strong burst of scent, typically citrus or spice-based, that fades quickly.
* **Middle (Heart) Notes:** The core of the fragrance, emerging as the top notes dissipate, usually floral and softer.
* **Base Notes:** The foundation of the scent, deep and musky, blending with the middle notes for a lasting impression.
Fragrances are complex creations, meticulously developed before reaching consumers. The market offers countless perfumes and colognes, each with a unique scent signature, making fragrance accessible to everyone.