Since the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990, individuals with disabilities have experienced increased accessibility in public spaces and workplaces. While these individuals navigate challenges related to sight, hearing, or mobility, coworkers may sometimes feel uncertain about how to interact with them respectfully and with understanding.
Here are key considerations for fostering positive and inclusive interactions:
When referencing a disability, prioritize person-first language. For example, instead of saying “an epileptic,” say “a person with epilepsy” or “John, who has epilepsy.” This approach emphasizes the individual rather than the condition.
Avoid language with negative connotations. Individuals who use wheelchairs are not “bound” or “confined” to them. Similarly, avoid describing someone as “spastic,” even if they experience muscle spasticity.
Opt for clear and simple language. Instead of phrases like “crippled with arthritis,” “suffering from MS,” or “afflicted with ALS,” use straightforward language such as “John has epilepsy” or “Mary has MS.”
Use the following preferred terms:
* Use “congenital disability” instead of “birth defect.”
* Use “non-disabled” instead of “normal,” “healthy,” or “able-bodied.”
* Use “condition” instead of “disease” or “defect.”
* Use “visually impaired” instead of “blind” unless the person is completely without sight.
* Use “deaf” or “hard of hearing” instead of “hearing impaired.”
* Use “little person” or “dwarf” instead of “midget.”
Avoid offensive words or phrases such as “victim,” “cripple,” “unfortunate,” “dumb,” “deaf-mute,” “deformed,” and “pitiful.”
Always ask individuals with disabilities if they need or want assistance before offering help. If assistance is welcomed, ask for specific instructions on how you can be most helpful.
Maintain direct eye contact when speaking, even if the person has an interpreter or companion present.
Do not assume that a speech impairment indicates a hearing impairment or intellectual limitation.
Allow individuals with speech impairments to finish their sentences without interruption. Ask questions that allow for short answers or nods. The individual can always provide a longer response if they choose.
Speak calmly, slowly, and clearly to individuals with hearing difficulties. Face the person and use gestures to enhance communication.
When walking with a visually impaired person, allow them to set the pace. If they accept your offer of assistance, allow them to hold onto your arm rather than grabbing theirs.
Never push someone’s wheelchair without explicit permission.
Avoid leaning on a wheelchair while conversing with the occupant, as this is inconsiderate.
For lengthy conversations with someone using a wheelchair, sit down at eye level to promote comfort and equality.
Remember that individuals with disabilities are individuals first and foremost. Treat them with the same respect, consideration, and professionalism you would extend to any other colleague.