Acne, a common concern, particularly during teenage years, can be a source of embarrassment and frustration. While almost everyone experiences acne to some extent, understanding its causes is key to effective management. Hormones, especially testosterone, play a significant role in triggering acne.
During puberty, hormonal fluctuations, including increased testosterone production in both males and females, stimulate sebaceous glands, leading to excess oil (sebum) production. Although this typically subsides in early adulthood, some individuals experience persistent hormonal acne.
Women may also notice acne flare-ups related to their menstrual cycles. Consulting a healthcare professional can help identify appropriate treatment options.
Stress is also linked to acne due to increased hormone release from the adrenal glands. This, combined with overactive sebaceous glands, can exacerbate acne problems. The buildup of sebum, bacteria, and dead skin cells within pores further contributes to acne development. Avoid excessive scrubbing or harsh products, which can irritate the skin and worsen acne.
Certain factors can worsen acne. Anabolic steroids and medications containing halogens (iodides, chlorides, bromides), lithium, barbiturates, and androgens can trigger acne. Exposure to chlorine can also lead to chloracne, a severe and persistent form of acne.
Contrary to popular belief, diet has minimal direct impact on acne. While a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains promotes overall health, specific foods like fried foods, pizza, and chocolate are not direct culprits. Similarly, while good hygiene is important, excessive washing or harsh scrubbing can irritate the skin and worsen acne.
Effective acne treatments are available. Consulting a dermatologist is recommended for prescription medications that regulate hormone levels or address menstrual cycle irregularities. Over-the-counter remedies, along with gentle cleansing, sun protection, and a healthy lifestyle, can also help manage acne. Remember that acne is usually a temporary condition, and with proper care, it can be effectively controlled.