Age spots, often called sun spots, are discolorations on the skin primarily caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, not simply aging. While they commonly appear after age 55, they can occur as early as the late twenties. Smoking, a diet rich in refined sugars and unhealthy fats, vitamin deficiencies, and overconsumption of low-quality saturated oils can also increase susceptibility. These spots are triggered by an overproduction of lipofuscin, a dark pigment that colors the skin.
Other names for age spots include liver spots, brown spots, and lentigo. Preventing age spots is easier than treating them. A diet rich in orange vegetables like carrots and yams, and green leafy vegetables such as collard greens and watercress, can significantly reduce the risk. These foods are packed with antioxidants that combat free radicals caused by sun exposure. They also contain Vitamin A and carotene, which help maintain healthy, UV-resistant skin.
For existing age spots, several treatments can diminish their appearance. Over-the-counter products containing hydroquinone, a mild bleaching agent, can lighten dark skin discolorations, including age spots, scars, and freckles. Prescription versions may include topical Vitamin A for enhanced fading.
More invasive cosmetic treatments are available for prominent age spots. Chemical peels, using a high concentration of glycolic acid, remove layers of skin to reduce spot visibility. Laser resurfacing burns away the spots but is most effective on very fair skin with very dark age spots due to the contrast required for the laser to function properly. This treatment may not be suitable for darker skin tones or lighter-colored age spots.
While most age spots are harmless, it’s crucial to monitor them. Any spot that enlarges, thickens, changes color, itches, or bleeds should be examined by a physician or dermatologist, as these could be early signs of skin cancer. Irregularly shaped spots that change in color or increase in size also warrant immediate attention.
A simple, cost-effective way to minimize age spots is to limit sun exposure and wear protective clothing. Always apply sunscreen to exposed skin, especially during sunny days. Reducing alcohol intake may also decrease the likelihood of developing these skin discolorations.