Acne, characterized by lesions on the face, chest, back, neck, shoulders, and upper arms, can manifest as blackheads, whiteheads, nodules, or cysts. While most common during adolescence, acne can persist into adulthood. Although not life-threatening, it can significantly impact one’s quality of life, potentially leading to lasting disfigurement, even in mild cases.
The hormonal shifts of puberty trigger increased activity in the sebaceous glands, which secrete sebum (oil). Androgens, primarily responsible for this heightened secretion, are present in both males and females. Acne originates within the sebaceous follicle inside the sebaceous gland. During puberty, skin cells shed more rapidly. Sometimes these cells stick together, trapping excess oil and clogging pores. The trapped oil causes the follicle to swell, resulting in a lesion.
Subsequently, P. acnes bacteria, naturally present on the skin, proliferate within the clogged follicle, leading to irritation and inflammation. If the follicle ruptures, surrounding skin may also become affected, leading to the development of nodules, blackheads, or pimples, thus forming acne lesions.
Several misconceptions surround acne. One common myth is that poor hygiene causes acne. While maintaining cleanliness is important, harsh scrubbing can worsen acne by irritating the skin. Gentle washing twice daily is recommended, followed by gentle patting dry. If acne persists, consider over-the-counter treatments or consulting a dermatologist.
Another myth is that stress causes acne. Everyday stress does not directly trigger acne. Even significant stress requiring medication is unlikely to be the primary cause; however, some medications may contribute to acne. Consult a physician if you suspect medication-related acne.
Dietary factors are also commonly falsely linked to acne. While a balanced diet is important for overall health, it does not directly prevent or cure acne.
Finally, avoid dismissing acne as a mere cosmetic concern. Particularly for teenagers, perceived cosmetic flaws can significantly impact self-esteem, potentially leading to lasting psychological effects if acne becomes severe or causes scarring.