Acne isn’t just a teenage problem; it can affect adults too. Acne is a condition affecting the sebaceous glands, which are connected to hair follicles and produce sebum, an oily substance. Acne develops when a hair follicle becomes clogged with sebum and dead skin cells. Hormonal changes, particularly fluctuations in androgen levels, are often linked to acne development, especially during puberty. However, when acne appears for the first time in adulthood, it’s crucial to investigate the underlying cause.
Adult-onset acne, appearing after age 25 or 30, typically falls into one of three categories:
1. A recurrence of acne that had previously cleared up during or after adolescence.
2. A flare-up of existing acne after a period of remission, such as during pregnancy.
3. The first-ever occurrence of acne in someone who never experienced it before.
If you develop acne for the first time as an adult, consulting a dermatologist is essential to determine the root cause. Several factors can contribute to adult acne:
* **Medications:** Certain drugs, including anabolic steroids, some anti-epileptic medications, isoniazid and rifampin (used to treat tuberculosis), lithium, and iodine-containing medications, can trigger acne.
* **Physical Pressure:** Chronic pressure on the skin, such as from backpack straps or musical instruments, can lead to acne mechanica.
* **Industrial Chemicals:** Exposure to chlorinated industrial chemicals can cause chloracne, an occupational skin disorder.
* **Metabolic and Hormonal Factors:** Hormonal imbalances due to pregnancy, menstruation, or other hormonal abnormalities can contribute to acne.
It’s also important to differentiate true acne from other skin conditions. Folliculitis, an inflammation and infection of the hair follicles, can resemble acne but requires different treatment.
Treating adult acne can be challenging, especially with recurring cases. Some individuals with severe, persistent acne may require repeated treatments with isotretinoin, a potent systemic drug. Because of the complexities of adult acne, consulting a dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment is highly recommended.