Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to inflammation and the formation of various types of lesions. Excess sebum production is a primary cause, though the exact triggers for this overproduction remain unclear. Sebum, produced by sebaceous glands, is essential for maintaining healthy skin by providing a protective barrier against bacteria.
There are three main types of acne lesions:
* **Whiteheads and Blackheads (Comedones):** Whiteheads are closed comedones that appear as small, white bumps under the skin. Blackheads are open comedones where the pore is clogged, and the surface darkens due to oxidation.
* **Papules and Pustules:** Papules are small, firm, red bumps that form when a whitehead ruptures, causing inflammation in the surrounding tissue. Pustules are similar to papules but contain pus, indicating an immune response to the infection.
* **Cysts:** Cysts are large, painful, pus-filled lesions that develop deep under the skin. They are the most severe type of acne lesion and can lead to scarring.
Acne can be further classified based on the predominant types of lesions:
* **Comedonal Acne:** Characterized mainly by whiteheads and blackheads.
* **Acne Vulgaris:** The most common type, featuring a mix of blackheads, whiteheads, papules, and pustules.
* **Cystic Acne:** A severe form involving all types of lesions, including numerous cysts.
While acne is often associated with adolescence, it can affect individuals of any age. Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing acne, including:
* **Teenage Years:** Hormonal changes during puberty often lead to increased sebum production.
* **Stress:** Stress can trigger hormonal imbalances that contribute to acne.
* **Family History:** A genetic predisposition can increase susceptibility to acne.
* **Certain Medications:** Some drugs can cause or worsen acne.
* **Adult Women:** Hormonal fluctuations related to menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can contribute to acne in adult women.