Sunless tanning offers a way to achieve a bronzed look without the harmful effects of UV exposure. Unlike traditional tanning, which stimulates melanin production in the deeper layers of the skin, sunless tanning products work on the surface, affecting the Stratum Corneum. The tan produced is temporary, typically lasting only a few days.
A variety of sunless tanning products are available, including lotions, gels, mousses, sprays, and wipes. These can be applied at home or professionally in salons and spas.
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a common active ingredient in many sunless tanners. This colorless sugar interacts with dead skin cells in the Stratum Corneum, creating a tan effect. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends DHA-containing products for a longer-lasting tan.
Erythrulose, another keto-sugar, is often combined with DHA to enhance and prolong the tan. However, both DHA and Erythrulose can potentially cause contact dermatitis in some individuals.
Some tanning creams and lotions contain Tyrosine, an amino acid believed to stimulate melanin production. These products are often marketed as “tanning accelerators.”
Tanning pills, another form of sunless tanning, may contain Canthaxanthin, a coloring agent. While it can impart an orange-brown tint to the skin, the FDA has not approved it as a tanning agent due to potential health risks, including hepatitis and canthaxanthin retinopathy. Its use should be approached with extreme caution.
Melanotan, a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, is a more recent development in sunless tanning. It works by inducing skin pigmentation. While tested in some countries, it has not yet been approved for clinical trials in the USA.