India faces a growing unemployment challenge. Despite population growth typically leading to a larger workforce, India’s situation presents a concerning trend. Analyzing census data reveals a declining percentage of main workers relative to the total population, particularly between 1991 and 2001, a period marked by significant economic reforms.
In 1991, approximately 34.18% of the population constituted the main workforce. However, by 2001, this figure had decreased to 30.49%, indicating a 3.69% drop in the number of workers within a decade. This decline coincided with the implementation of economic liberalization policies initiated in 1991.
ABC News’ investigation highlights the impact of these reforms on job availability. Male workforce participation decreased from 51% in 1991 to 45.27% in 2001, a 5.73% decline. Female participation also saw a slight decrease from 16.03% to 14.66% (1.66% decline).
Several factors contribute to this issue, including rapid population growth (20.18% per decade) outpacing job creation and the shift from a socialist to a more capitalist economy. This transition has arguably marginalized labor rights, favoring management interests.
If current trends persist, India could face a severe unemployment crisis by 2081. The disproportionate decline in male employment (5.73% per decade) compared to female employment (1.66% per decade) poses significant social challenges, given the traditional role of men as primary breadwinners. A struggling male workforce could exacerbate social inequalities and potentially lead to instability.
To avert this potential crisis, proactive and timely planning is crucial. Addressing the root causes of unemployment and ensuring equitable job opportunities are essential to secure India’s economic future and prevent a jobless scenario by 2081.