Shipping containers have revolutionized global logistics, fueling unprecedented expansion in world trade. These standardized, large boxes, far from being mere shoeboxes, typically measure 8 feet by 8.5 (or 9.5) feet in cross-section and 20, 40, or 45 feet in length—more akin to log cabins in size. In fact, repurposing empty shipping containers into homes is a growing trend. Merchandise is packed into these containers at the factory and loaded onto specialized container trucks for transport to the nearest rail station or seaport. Specialized equipment then transfers the containers onto railcars or ocean-going ships.
Railcars may then transport goods thousands of miles to a distant city or port. Custom-built container ships efficiently accommodate numerous shipping containers on their open decks, minimizing wasted space. (It should be noted that containers can, on rare occasions, be lost at sea during severe storms.)
Merchandise Shipped in Containers
Within these containers, merchandise packages, such as cartons of shoeboxes, are arranged to maximize space. Once packed, the container door is securely sealed. The container typically remains unopened until it reaches its final destination, potentially being transferred between trucks, railcars, ships, or even aircraft during its journey. At the destination port or airport, it’s transferred again to railcars or trucks for transport to the final destination city.
So, what exactly can be transported in shipping containers? The short answer is: almost everything. Most consumer goods travel in containers from manufacturing facilities to distribution warehouses. Heavy machinery is also commonly shipped in containers directly to customer sites. Custom-built containers cater to various types of merchandise. Here’s a glimpse into the diverse range of goods that can be shipped via containers:
- DRY VAN containers: Ideal for cartons, jute bags, bales, pallets, and drums.
- REEFER containers: Temperature-controlled, maintaining temperatures between -25°C and +25°C.
- OPEN TOP containers: Suited for bulk materials and heavy machinery.
- OPEN SIDE containers: Facilitate loading and unloading of oversized pallets.
- VENTILATED containers: Designed for organic produce requiring ventilation during transit.
- TANK containers: Used for transporting bulk liquids.
- ROLLING FLOOR containers: Simplify the handling of difficult cargo.
- HANGAR BEAM FITTED containers: Allow for the transportation of garments on hangers, eliminating the need for further packing.
Shipping Container Legalities
Containers require Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) certification, authorized by the International Maritime Organization, to ensure their continued safe handling and transportability within the commercial intermodal transport environment. Regular inspections are mandatory. Furthermore, merchandise intended for export requires customs inspection and certification prior to shipment.